The 2014 Russia–Ukraine conflict has transformed relations between Russia and the West into what many are calling a new cold war. The West has slowly come to understand that Russia’s annexations and interventions, interference in elections, cyber warfare, disinformation, assassinations in Europe and support for anti-EU populists emerge from Vladimir Putin’s belief that Russia is at war with the West. This book shows that the crisis has deep roots in Russia’s inability to come to terms with an independent Ukrainian state, Moscow’s view of the Orange and Euromaidan revolutions as Western conspiracies and, finally, its inability to understand that most Russian-speaking Ukrainians do not want to rejoin Russia. In Moscow’s eyes, Ukraine is central to rebuilding a sphere of influence within the former Soviet space and to re-establishing Russia as a great power. The book shows that the wide range of ‘hybrid’ tactics that Russia has deployed show continuity with the actions of the Soviet-era security services.

Introductory statistics course developed through the Ohio Department of Higher Education OER Innovation Grant. The course is part of the Ohio Transfer Module and is also named TMM010. For more information about credit transfer between Ohio colleges and universities please visit: www.ohiohighered.org/transfer.Team LeadKameswarrao Casukhela                     Ohio State University – LimaContent ContributorsEmily Dennett                                       Central Ohio Technical CollegeSara Rollo                                            North Central State CollegeNicholas Shay                                      Central Ohio Technical CollegeChan Siriphokha                                   Clark State Community CollegeLibrarianJoy Gao                                                Ohio Wesleyan UniversityReview TeamAlice Taylor                                           University of Rio GrandeJim Cottrill                                             Ohio Dominican University

An association between two variables explains how one variable changes in response to changes in the other variable. A lack of association indicates that the two variables are independent of each other, meaning the chances of events of one variable are not affected by the occurrence or non-occurrence of events of the other variable. In this module we will learn about the different tools used for analyzing associations in two-variable categorical data sets.Learning Objectives:Identify response and explanatory variablesOrganize data into two-way tablesStudy joint, marginal and conditional distributions and learn the relationship between themObserved and expected frequencies, Chi-Square test statisticChi-Square test of independence – set up hypothesis, use technology to run the test and interpret P-valueTextbook Material -  ·         Chapter 11.3 – Test of Independence – Pages 627 - 632

ProbabilityThe notion of chance or probability of an event plays a crucial role in statistics. In this module we will study this notion and learn different rules that will help us determine the probability of different types of events associated with a process.Learning Objectives:Random experiment, sample space, eventsPermutation and CombinationDefinition of probability of an event and its propertiesDisjoint and independent eventsConditional eventsVenn and Tree DiagramsComplement (Subtraction) ruleAddition ruleMultiplication ruleDivision ruleTwo-Way tablesTotal Probability Rule and Bayes Rule

 U.S. History is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of most introductory courses. The text provides a balanced approach to U.S. history, considering the people, events, and ideas that have shaped the United States from both the top down (politics, economics, diplomacy) and bottom up (eyewitness accounts, lived experience). U.S. History covers key forces that form the American experience, with particular attention to issues of race, class, and gender.Senior Contributing AuthorsP. Scott Corbett, Ventura CollegeVolker Janssen, California State University, FullertonJohn M. Lund, Keene State CollegeTodd Pfannestiel, Clarion UniversityPaul Vickery, Oral Roberts UniversitySylvie Waskiewicz

U.S. History is designed for a two-semester American history sequence. It is traditional in coverage, following a roughly chronological outline, and using a balanced approach that includes political, economic, social, and cultural developments. At the same time, the book includes a number of innovative and interactive features designed to enhance student learning. Instructors can also customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom.