By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the scientific reasons for the success of Mendel’s experimental workDescribe the expected outcomes of monohybrid crosses involving dominant and recessive allelesApply the sum and product rules to calculate probabilities
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe how a karyogram is createdExplain how nondisjunction leads to disorders in chromosome numberCompare disorders caused by aneuploidyDescribe how errors in chromosome structure occur through inversions and translocations
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Discuss Sutton’s Chromosomal Theory of InheritanceDescribe genetic linkageExplain the process of homologous recombination, or crossing overDescribe how chromosome maps are createdCalculate the distances between three genes on a chromosome using a three-point test cross
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Identify the parts of a typical leafDescribe the internal structure and function of a leafCompare and contrast simple leaves and compound leavesList and describe examples of modified leaves
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe how red and blue light affect plant growth and metabolic activitiesDiscuss gravitropismUnderstand how hormones affect plant growth and developmentDescribe thigmotropism, thigmonastism, and thigmogenesisExplain how plants defend themselves from predators and respond to wounds
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Identify the two types of root systemsDescribe the three zones of the root tip and summarize the role of each zone in root growthDescribe the structure of the rootList and describe examples of modified roots
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the main function and basic structure of stemsCompare and contrast the roles of dermal tissue, vascular tissue, and ground tissueDistinguish between primary growth and secondary growth in stemsSummarize the origin of annual ringsList and describe examples of modified stems
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the shoot organ system and the root organ systemDistinguish between meristematic tissue and permanent tissueIdentify and describe the three regions where plant growth occursSummarize the roles of dermal tissue, vascular tissue, and ground tissueCompare simple plant tissue with complex plant tissue
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Define water potential and explain how it is influenced by solutes, pressure, gravity, and the matric potentialDescribe how water potential, evapotranspiration, and stomatal regulation influence how water is transported in plantsExplain how photosynthates are transported in plants
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Compare the mechanisms and methods of natural and artificial asexual reproductionDescribe the advantages and disadvantages of natural and artificial asexual reproductionDiscuss plant life spans
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe what must occur for plant fertilizationExplain cross-pollination and the ways in which it takes placeDescribe the process that leads to the development of a seedDefine double fertilization
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the two stages of a plant’s lifecycleCompare and contrast male and female gametophytes and explain how they form in angiospermsDescribe the reproductive structures of a plantDescribe the components of a complete flowerDescribe the development of microsporangium and megasporangium in gymnosperms
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Understand the nutritional adaptations of plantsDescribe mycorrhizaeExplain nitrogen fixation
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe how plants obtain nutrientsList the elements and compounds required for proper plant nutritionDescribe an essential nutrient