Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain how the kidneys serve as the main osmoregulatory organs in mammalian systemsDescribe the structure of the kidneys and the functions of the parts of the kidneyDescribe how the nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and explain how it actively filters blood and generates urineDetail the three steps in the formation of urine: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion

In Medical Laboratory Science (MLS) Urinalysis course, students learn to evaluate normal and abnormal formed urinary elements through microscopic examination of urine sediment.They learn to interpret results and correlate with other laboratory data to identify disease. Access to quality atlases are a vital tool in the students’ learning process. Because the cost of printing pictures is so great, the price of printed atlases is high. The number of images included is limited. And many excellent atlases are now out of print.

This project seeks to eliminate those challenges for students by giving access to an Open Educational Resource (OER) atlas for urinalysis. This format is easily accessed during students’ time on campus and will continue into their careers as medical laboratory scientists. There are currently not many medical subject resources available as open resources. It is our hope that other healthcare professionals will find these resources beneficial. This project is unique in that students are the main contributors of the pictures used. While not entirely comprehensive at this point, the OER platform will allow for continual updating as new images and information become available.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Cellular Elements
Casts
Crystals
Yeast, Parasites and Bacteria
Aftifacts and Mucus
Resources