By the end of this section, you will be able to:Identify the parts of a typical leafDescribe the internal structure and function of a leafCompare and contrast simple leaves and compound leavesList and describe examples of modified leaves

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe how red and blue light affect plant growth and metabolic activitiesDiscuss gravitropismUnderstand how hormones affect plant growth and developmentDescribe thigmotropism, thigmonastism, and thigmogenesisExplain how plants defend themselves from predators and respond to wounds

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Identify the two types of root systemsDescribe the three zones of the root tip and summarize the role of each zone in root growthDescribe the structure of the rootList and describe examples of modified roots

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the main function and basic structure of stemsCompare and contrast the roles of dermal tissue, vascular tissue, and ground tissueDistinguish between primary growth and secondary growth in stemsSummarize the origin of annual ringsList and describe examples of modified stems

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the shoot organ system and the root organ systemDistinguish between meristematic tissue and permanent tissueIdentify and describe the three regions where plant growth occursSummarize the roles of dermal tissue, vascular tissue, and ground tissueCompare simple plant tissue with complex plant tissue

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Define water potential and explain how it is influenced by solutes, pressure, gravity, and the matric potentialDescribe how water potential, evapotranspiration, and stomatal regulation influence how water is transported in plantsExplain how photosynthates are transported in plants

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Compare the mechanisms and methods of natural and artificial asexual reproductionDescribe the advantages and disadvantages of natural and artificial asexual reproductionDiscuss plant life spans

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe what must occur for plant fertilizationExplain cross-pollination and the ways in which it takes placeDescribe the process that leads to the development of a seedDefine double fertilization

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the two stages of a plant’s lifecycleCompare and contrast male and female gametophytes and explain how they form in angiospermsDescribe the reproductive structures of a plantDescribe the components of a complete flowerDescribe the development of microsporangium and megasporangium in gymnosperms

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Understand the nutritional adaptations of plantsDescribe mycorrhizaeExplain nitrogen fixation

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe how plants obtain nutrientsList the elements and compounds required for proper plant nutritionDescribe an essential nutrient

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe how soils are formedExplain soil compositionDescribe a soil profile

Biology, The Cell is an unit of study no. 3 of the Biology full course. It is grounded on studying cells, including cell structure, structure and function of plasma membranes, metabolism, cellular respiration, photosynthesis, cell communication, and cell reproduction.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain how the binding of a ligand initiates signal transduction throughout a cellRecognize the role of phosphorylation in the transmission of intracellular signalsEvaluate the role of second messengers in signal transmission

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe how signaling pathways direct protein expression, cellular metabolism, and cell growthIdentify the function of PKC in signal transduction pathwaysRecognize the role of apoptosis in the development and maintenance of a healthy organism