This week we will examine the concept of a function, a fundamental concept underlying all of modern mathematics. You’re undoubtedly already familiar with functions in an intuitive sense: a function is something which, given
an input, produces an output. But you’ve probably never seen the formal definition of a function as it relates to set theory, which is what we’ll look at this week.

This text is intended for a one- or two-semester undergraduate course in abstract algebra. Traditionally, these courses have covered the theoretical aspects of groups, rings, and fields. However, with the development of computing in the last several decades, applications that involve abstract algebra and discrete mathematics have become increasingly important, and many science, engineering, and computer science students are now electing to minor in mathematics. Though theory still occupies a central role in the subject of abstract algebra and no student should go through such a course without a good notion of what a proof is, the importance of applications such as coding theory and cryptography has grown significantly.

Algebra and Trigonometry provides a comprehensive exploration of algebraic principles and meets scope and sequence requirements for a typical introductory algebra and trigonometry course. The modular approach and the richness of content ensures that the book meets the needs of a variety of courses. Algebra and Trigonometry offers a wealth of examples with detailed, conceptual explanations, building a strong foundation in the material before asking students to apply what they’ve learned.

Applied Calculus instructs students in the differential and integral calculus of elementary functions with an emphasis on applications to business, social and life science. Different from a traditional calculus course for engineering, science and math majors, this course does not use trigonometry, nor does it focus on mathematical proofs as an instructional method.

An openly licensed applied calculus textbook, covering derivatives, integrals, and an intro to multivariable calculus. This book is heavily remixed from Dale Hoffman's Contemporary Calculus textbook, and retains the same conceptual focus from that text.

The wide range of examples in the text are meant to augment the "favorite examples" that most instructors have for teaching the topcs in discrete mathematics.

To provide diagnostic help and encouragement, we have included solutions and/or hints to the odd-numbered exercises. These solutions include detailed answers whenever warranted and complete proofs, not just terse outlines of proofs.

Our use of standard terminology and notation makes Applied Discrete Structures a valuable reference book for future courses. Although many advanced books have a short review of elementary topics, they cannot be complete.

The text is divided into lecture-length sections, facilitating the organization of an instructor's presentation.Topics are presented in such a way that students' understanding can be monitored through thought-provoking exercises. The exercises require an understanding of the topics and how they are interrelated, not just a familiarity with the key words.

An Instructor's Guide is available to any instructor who uses the text.

The text covered a comprehensive extent of topics; ranging from introductory topics of linear equations to more advanced topics such as Game Theory.

This is a "first course" in the sense that it presumes no previous course in probability. The units are modules taken from the unpublished text: Paul E. Pfeiffer, ELEMENTS OF APPLIED PROBABILITY, USING MATLAB. The units are numbered as they appear in the text, although of course they may be used in any desired order. For those who wish to use the order of the text, an outline is provided, with indication of which modules contain the material.

This text is an adaptation of two very excellent open-source textbooks: Active Calculus by Dr. Matt Boelkins and APEX Calculus by Drs. Gregory Hartman, Brian Heinold, Troy Siemers, Dimplekumar Chalishajar, and Jennifer Bowen. Topics include integrals, volume, arcs, density, physics applications, differential equations, and hyperbolic functions.

Table of Contents:
1. Using Definite Integrals to Find Volume
2. Volume by The Shell Method
3. Arc Length and Surface Area
4. Density, Mass, and Center of Mass
5. Physics Applications: Work, Force, and Pressure
6. An Introduction to Differential Equations
7. Separable differential equations
8. Hyperbolic Functions

This text pulls in portions from Precalculus, Math in Society, and other open textbooks,
and adapts them to have the business focus desired for business precalculus or finite
math course.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Functions and Lines
Chapter 2: Systems of Equations and Matrices
Chapter 3: Linear Programming
Chapter 4: Polynomial and Rational Functions
Chapter 5: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Chapter 6: Finance
Chapter 7: Sets
Chapter 8: Probability

The Calculus I course was developed through the Ohio Department of Higher Education OER Innovation Grant. This work was completed and the course was posted in February 2019. The course is part of the Ohio Transfer Module and is also named TMM005. For more information about credit transfer between Ohio colleges and universities, please visit: www.ohiohighered.org/transfer.Team LeadJim Fowler                                         Ohio State UniversityRita Ralph                                         Columbus State Community CollegeContent ContributorsNela Lakos                                       Ohio State UniversityBart Snapp                                       Ohio State UniversityJames Talamo                                  Ohio State UniversityXiang Yan                                         Edison State Community CollegeLibrarianDaniel Dotson                                    Ohio State University                     Review TeamThomas Needham                             Ohio State UniversityCarl Stitz                                            Lakeland Community CollegeSara Rollo                                          North Central State College 

The Calculus II course was developed through the Ohio Department of Higher Education OER Innovation Grant. This work was completed and the course was posted in February 2019. The course is part of the Ohio Transfer Module and is also named TMM006. For more information about credit transfer between Ohio colleges and universities, please visit: www.ohiohighered.org/transfer.Team LeadJim Fowler                                         Ohio State UniversityRita Ralph                                         Columbus State Community CollegeContent ContributorsNela Lakos                                       Ohio State UniversityBart Snapp                                       Ohio State UniversityJames Talamo                                  Ohio State UniversityXiang Yan                                         Edison State Community CollegeLibrarianDaniel Dotson                                    Ohio State University                     Review TeamThomas Needham                             Ohio State UniversityCarl Stitz                                            Lakeland Community CollegeSara Rollo                                         North Central State College

Calculus is designed for the typical two- or three-semester general calculus course, incorporating innovative features to enhance student learning. The book guides students through the core concepts of calculus and helps them understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them. Due to the comprehensive nature of the material, we are offering the book in three volumes for flexibility and efficiency. Volume 1 covers functions, limits, derivatives, and integration

Calculus is designed for the typical two- or three-semester general calculus course, incorporating innovative features to enhance student learning. The book guides students through the core concepts of calculus and helps them understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them. Due to the comprehensive nature of the material, we are offering the book in three volumes for flexibility and efficiency. Volume 2 covers integration, differential equations, sequences and series, and parametric equations and polar coordinates.

Calculus is designed for the typical two- or three-semester general calculus course, incorporating innovative features to enhance student learning. The book guides students through the core concepts of calculus and helps them understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them. Due to the comprehensive nature of the material, we are offering the book in three volumes for flexibility and efficiency. Volume 3 covers parametric equations and polar coordinates, vectors, functions of several variables, multiple integration, and second-order differential equations.

College Algebra is an introductory text for a college algebra survey course. The material is presented at a level intended to prepare students for Calculus while also giving them relevant mathematical skills that can be used in other classes. The authors describe their approach as "Functions First," believing introducing functions first will help students understand new concepts more completely. Each section includes homework exercises, and the answers to most computational questions are included in the text (discussion questions are open-ended).

College Algebra provides a comprehensive exploration of algebraic principles and meets scope and sequence requirements for a typical introductory algebra course. The modular approach and richness of content ensure that the book meets the needs of a variety of courses. College Algebra offers a wealth of examples with detailed, conceptual explanations, building a strong foundation in the material before asking students to apply what they’ve learned.

The College Algebra course was developed through the Ohio Department of Higher Education OER Innovation Grant. This work was completed and the course was posted in September 2019. The course is part of the Ohio Transfer Module and is also named TMM001. For more information about credit transfer between Ohio colleges and universities, please visit: www.ohiohighered.org/transfer.Team LeadNicholas Shay                                     Central Ohio Technical College (now at Columbus State Community College)Content ContributorsRachida Aboughazi                            Ohio State UniversityEvelyn Kirschner                                Columbus State Community CollegeDavid Kish                                          Ohio Dominican UniversityLibrarianDaniel Dotson                                    Ohio State University                     Review TeamFauna Donahue                                University of Rio GrandeJared Stadden                                   Kent State University Geauga 

This text was written for a college-level liberal arts math class. It addresses math concepts that most people will encounter as part of their everyday life, including statistics, probability, growth, finance, graph theory, voting systems, fair division, apportionment, and geometric symmetry, and the golden ratio. Each chapter includes a set of homework questions for practice.

All of the mathematics required beyond basic calculus is developed “from scratch.” Moreover, the book generally alternates between “theory” and “applications”: one or two chapters on a particular set of purely mathematical concepts are followed by one or two chapters on algorithms and applications; the mathematics provides the theoretical underpinnings for the applications, while the applications both motivate and illustrate the mathematics. Of course, this dichotomy between theory and applications is not perfectly maintained: the chapters that focus mainly on applications include the development of some of the mathematics that is specific to a particular application, and very occasionally, some of the chapters that focus mainly on mathematics include a discussion of related algorithmic ideas as well.

The mathematical material covered includes the basics of number theory (including unique factorization, congruences, the distribution of primes, and quadratic reciprocity) and of abstract algebra (including groups, rings, fields, and vector spaces). It also includes an introduction to discrete probability theory—this material is needed to properly treat the topics of probabilistic algorithms and cryptographic applications. The treatment of all these topics is more or less standard, except that the text only deals with commutative structures (i.e., abelian groups and commutative rings with unity) — this is all that is really needed for the purposes of this text, and the theory of these structures is much simpler and more transparent than that of more general, non-commutative structures.