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BC: BIOL 2 - Introduction to Human Biology (Grewal)
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This course is an introduction to the basic principles of biology focusing on humans as biological organisms. Topics include chemistry; cell and tissue structure; human body structure and function; human reproduction and development; human genetics, heredity and evolution; and human ecology. An emphasis is placed on the application of principles to current issues, including common human diseases, genetic engineering, and the impact of humans on the world's ecosystems.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
LibreTexts
Author:
Mandeep Grewal
Date Added:
01/16/2020
Biochemistry: Free For All
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CC BY-NC
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We are happy to welcome you to our second Open Educational Resource (OER) textbook, Biochemistry Free For All. Biochemistry is a relatively young science, but its rate of growth has been truly impressive. The rapid pace of discoveries, which shows no sign of slowing, is reflected in the steady increase in the size of biochemistry textbooks. Growing faster than the size of biochemistry books have been the skyrocketing costs of higher education and the even faster rising costs of college textbooks. These unfortunate realities have created a situation where the costs of going to college are beyond the means of increasing numbers of students.

Subject:
Biology
Chemistry
Life Science
Physical Science
Material Type:
Textbook
Provider:
Oregon State University
Author:
Indira Rajagopal
Kevin Ahern
Taralyn Tan
Date Added:
11/18/2021
Bioinformatics
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CC BY-SA
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This exercise contains two interrelated modules that introduce students to modern biological techniques in the area of Bioinformatics, which is the application of computer technology to the management of biological information. The need for Bioinformatics has arisen from the recent explosion of publicly available genomic information, such as that resulting from the Human Genome Project.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Data Set
Module
Author:
Monica Bruckner
Date Added:
02/05/2020
Biology
Unrestricted Use
CC BY
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Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
Rice University
Provider Set:
OpenStax College
Date Added:
02/21/2020
Biology, Genetics, Mendel's Experiments and Heredity, Characteristics and Traits
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CC BY-NC
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By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes in dominant and recessive gene systemsDevelop a Punnett square to calculate the expected proportions of genotypes and phenotypes in a monohybrid crossExplain the purpose and methods of a test crossIdentify non-Mendelian inheritance patterns such as incomplete dominance, codominance, recessive lethals, multiple alleles, and sex linkage

Subject:
Applied Science
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Module
Author:
Mindy Boland
Date Added:
02/21/2020
Biology, Genetics, Mendel's Experiments and Heredity, Laws of Inheritance
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By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain Mendel’s law of segregation and independent assortment in terms of genetics and the events of meiosisUse the forked-line method and the probability rules to calculate the probability of genotypes and phenotypes from multiple gene crossesExplain the effect of linkage and recombination on gamete genotypesExplain the phenotypic outcomes of epistatic effects between genes

Subject:
Applied Science
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Module
Author:
Mindy Boland
Date Added:
02/21/2020
Biology, Genetics, Mendel's Experiments and Heredity, Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability
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CC BY-NC
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By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the scientific reasons for the success of Mendel’s experimental workDescribe the expected outcomes of monohybrid crosses involving dominant and recessive allelesApply the sum and product rules to calculate probabilities

Subject:
Applied Science
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Module
Author:
Mindy Boland
Date Added:
02/21/2020
Biology, Genetics, Modern Understandings of Inheritance, Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
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CC BY-NC
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By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe how a karyogram is createdExplain how nondisjunction leads to disorders in chromosome numberCompare disorders caused by aneuploidyDescribe how errors in chromosome structure occur through inversions and translocations

Subject:
Applied Science
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Module
Author:
Mindy Boland
Date Added:
02/21/2020
Biology, Genetics, Modern Understandings of Inheritance, Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkage
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CC BY-NC
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By the end of this section, you will be able to:Discuss Sutton’s Chromosomal Theory of InheritanceDescribe genetic linkageExplain the process of homologous recombination, or crossing overDescribe how chromosome maps are createdCalculate the distances between three genes on a chromosome using a three-point test cross

Subject:
Applied Science
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Module
Author:
Mindy Boland
Date Added:
02/21/2020
Biology, Preface to Biology, Preface to Biology
Conditional Remix & Share Permitted
CC BY-NC
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Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

Subject:
Applied Science
Material Type:
Module
Author:
Mindy Boland
Date Added:
02/21/2020
Cell Biology, Genetics, and Biochemistry for Pre-Clinical Students
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CC BY-NC-SA
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Cell Biology, Genetics, and Biochemistry for Pre-Clinical Students (2021) is an undergraduate medical-level resource for foundational knowledge across the disciplines of genetics, cell biology and biochemistry. This USMLE-aligned text is designed for a first-year undergraduate medical course that is delivered typically before students start to explore systems physiology and pathophysiology. The text is meant to provide the essential information from these content areas in a concise format that would allow learner preparation to engage in an active classroom. Clinical correlates and additional application of content is intended to be provided in the classroom experience. The text assumes that the students will have completed medical school prerequisites (including the MCAT) in which they will have been introduced to the most fundamental concepts of biology and chemistry that are essential to understand the content presented here. This resource should be assistive to the learner later in medical school and for exam preparation given the material is presented in a succinct manner, with a focus on high-yield concepts.

The 276-page text was created specifically for use by pre-clinical students at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and was based on faculty experience and peer review to guide development and hone important topics.

Available Formats
978-1-949373-42-4 (PDF)
978-1-949373-43-1 (ePub) https://doi.org/10.21061/cellbio
978-1-949373-41-7 (Pressbooks) https://pressbooks.lib.vt.edu/cellbio
Also available via LibreTexts: https://med.libretexts.org/@go/page/37584
Print now available https://www.amazon.com/dp/194937341X

How to Adopt this Book
Instructors reviewing, adopting, or adapting parts or the whole of the text are requested to register their interest at: https://bit.ly/interest-preclinical.

Instructors and subject matter experts interested in and sharing their original course materials relevant to pre-clinical education are requested to join the instructor portal at https://www.oercommons.org/groups/pre-clinical-resources/10133.

Features of this Book
1. Detailed learning objectives are provided at the beginning of each subsection
2. High resolution, color contrasting figures illustrate concepts, relationships, and processes throughout
3. Summary tables display detailed information
4. End of chapter lists provide additional sources of information
5. Accessibility features including structured heads and alternative-text provide access for readers accessing the work via a screen-reader

Table of Contents
1. Biochemistry basics
2. Basic laboratory measurements
3. Fed and fasted state
4. Fuel for now
5. Fuel for later
6. Lipoprotein metabolism and cholesterol synthesis
7. Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), purine and pyrimidine metabolism
8. Amino acid metabolism and heritable disorders of degradation
9. Disorders of monosaccharide metabolism and other metabolic conditions
10. Genes, genomes, and DNA
11. Transcription and translation
12. Gene regulation and the cell cycle
13. Human genetics
14. Linkage studies, pedigrees, and population genetics
15. Cellular signaling
16. Plasma membrane
17. Cytoplasmic membranes
18. Cytoskeleton
19. Extracellular matrix

Suggested Citation
LeClair, Renée J., (2021). Cell Biology, Genetics, and Biochemistry for Pre-Clinical Students, Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Publishing. https://doi.org/10.21061/cellbio. Licensed with CC BY NC-SA 4.0.

About the Author
Renée J. LeClair is an Associate Professor in the Department of Basic Science Education at the Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, where her role is to engage activities that support the departmental mission of developing an integrated medical experience using evidence-based delivery grounded in the science of learning. She received a Ph.D. at Rice University and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the Maine Medical Center Research Institute in vascular biology. She became involved in medical education, curricular renovation, and implementation of innovative teaching methods during her first faculty appointment, at the University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine. In 2013, she moved to a new medical school, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Greenville. The opportunities afforded by joining a new program and serving as the Chair of the Curriculum committee provided a blank slate for creative curricular development and close involvement with the accreditation process. During her tenure she developed and directed a team-taught student-centered undergraduate medical course that integrated the scientific and clinical sciences to assess all six-core competencies of medical education.

Accessibility Note
The University Libraries at Virginia Tech and Virginia Tech Publishing are committed to making its publications accessible in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The HTML (Pressbooks) and ePub versions of this book utilize header structures and include alternative text which allow for machine-readability.

Please report any errors at https://bit.ly/feedback-preclinical

Subject:
Applied Science
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Life Science
Material Type:
Textbook
Provider:
Virginia Tech
Provider Set:
VTech Works
Author:
Renee LeClair
Date Added:
12/06/2021
Crispr Cas9
Unrestricted Use
CC BY
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Precise modification of faulty genes for repair has been one of the most important goals in medicine. It is now finally within the realm of possibility thanks to the gene editing tool CRISPR. This microbial adaptive immune system can copy and cut specific DNA sequences. This animation provides a visual introduction of this revolutionary genetic tool.

Subject:
Applied Science
Genetics
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Life Science
Material Type:
Lecture
Provider:
CUNY Academic Works
Provider Set:
City College
Author:
Chen, Ching-jung
Cheng, Katie
Chowdhury, Abanti Deb
Eng, Timmy
Estevez, Irving
Malik, Rafay
Ndjiharine, Vitjitua
Oviedo, Hysell V.
Date Added:
06/28/2023
Ecology and Evolution
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CC BY-NC-SA
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Introduction to the basic principles of ecology and evolutionary biology emphasizing quantitative approaches and hypothesis testing. Scientific reasoning, computer literacy, and writing skills are developed in the laboratory.

Subject:
Biology
Ecology
Life Science
Material Type:
Syllabus
Provider:
CUNY Academic Works
Provider Set:
City College
Author:
Lohman, David J
Date Added:
06/28/2023
General Biology II: Survey of Molecular Life and Genetics
Unrestricted Use
CC BY
Rating
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BI102A is a survey course that introduces the discipline of molecular biology and genetics, exploring topics including cell division, protein production, inheritance and gene regulation. This book focuses on putting those topics into an appropriate context for students who are not biology majors. Order a print copy: http://www.lulu.com/content/paperback-book/general-biology-ii-survey-of-molecular-life-and-genetics/23678587

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Textbook
Provider:
Mt. Hood Community College
Author:
Christine Anderson
Lisa Bartee
Date Added:
06/15/2019
Genetics, Agriculture, and Biotechnology
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CC BY-SA
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This textbook provides an introduction to plant genetics and biotechnology for the advancement of agriculture. A clear and structured introduction to the topic for learners new to the field of genetics, the book includes: an introduction to the life cycle of the cell, DNA and how it relates to genes and chromosomes, DNA analysis, recombinant DNA, biotechnology, and transmission genetics.

Subject:
Genetics
Life Science
Material Type:
Textbook
Provider:
Iowa State University
Author:
Donald Lee
Walter Suza
Date Added:
11/18/2021