This text was created by students in PHED 301 - Advanced Anatomy in the Sport, Health & Physical Education department at Vancouver Island University.

This textbook is designed to actively engage your exploration and critical analysis of human anatomical variation in an Australian and New Zealand context. Understanding anatomical variation is essential for all health professionals to avoid patient misdiagnosis such as confusing a natural variant with a pathology, minimise surgical or procedural errors that may occur if variations are unexpected, and ultimately improve patient outcomes by applying culturally safe practices. Research in anatomical variation has demonstrated significant differences in phenotypic expression of variants between and within geographic, ancestral and socioeconomic populations, as well as displaying significant variance between males and females. It is therefore critical as a health professional to understand anatomical variation in the context of the population you intend to practice in. This textbook compiles this critical information into an easy to read summary of the range and frequency of anatomical phenotypes in Australian and New Zealand patients by drawing from contemporary anatomical science research. Anatomical variation of Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander and Māori peoples has also been highlighted where research is available.

This laboratory manual is designed for undergraduate anatomy labs. It includes self-assessment resources and examination set up guides.

This learning guide is for part I of the two-semester human anatomy and physiology courses that support students pursuing programs in a medical or paramedical career, or a degree in physical education. It is cloud-based, interactive, independent of a textbook, and aligned with national standards, Human Anatomy and Physiology Society (HAPS) learning outcomes, to be perennial and widely adaptable.

There are nine learning modules in the learning guide. Each module is divided into topics aligned with the HAPS learning outcomes. Here is a brief introduction of the components found under each topic.

A Short Lecture: These are written by experienced undergraduate Anatomy and Physiology instructors to give you a brief overview of what you might expect to learn from your Anatomy and Physiology course.

A Concept Map: To visualize relationships and help students dig into ideas and organize their thoughts.

Key Points: A very quick overview of important concepts for the section.

Muddiest Points: Points that have caused confusion for students.

Interactive Exercises: These exercises can help students check their learning.

Students can use the learning guide as the following:

An overview before starting a topic in an Anatomy and Physiology Course
A guide to correct anatomical terminology that underlies the concepts of the course work
A place to review confusing concepts in regular course work
A place to find extra resources for study of concepts that are either understood or are still murky.

The development of this human anatomy and physiology learning guide is made possible with the support of the Virtual Library of Virginia (VIVA) Open Course Grants. It is created by a group of experienced faculty members at Northern Virginia Community College and reviewed by several members of the Human Anatomy and Physiology faculty at George Mason University.

Anatomy and Physiology is a dynamic textbook for the two-semester human anatomy and physiology course for life science and allied health majors. The book is organized by body system and covers standard scope and sequence requirements. Its lucid text, strategically constructed art, career features, and links to external learning tools address the critical teaching and learning challenges in the course. The web-based version of Anatomy and Physiology also features links to surgical videos, histology, and interactive diagrams.

Anatomy and Physiology is a dynamic textbook for the two-semester human anatomy and physiology course for life science and allied health majors. The book is organized by body system and covers standard scope and sequence requirements. Its lucid text, strategically constructed art, career features, and links to external learning tools address the critical teaching and learning challenges in the course. The web-based version of Anatomy and Physiology also features links to surgical videos, histology, and interactive diagrams.

Anatomy and Physiology 2 Laboratory Manual is a guide for anatomy and physiology laboratory exercises. It includes dissection guidance with detailed images; instructions for physiology experiments including foundational content; and gross anatomy study guides for six body systems. Videos and tutorial links provide additional support. including studies in the following areas:

Endocrine
Blood
Cardiovascular
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
Fetal Pig Dissection