We often make judgments about good and bad, right and wrong. Philosophical ethics is the critical examination of these and other concepts central to how we evaluate our own and each others’ behavior and choices.

This text examines some of the main threads of discussion on these topics that have developed over the last couple of millenia, mostly within the Western cultural tradition. It considers basic questions about moral and ethical judgment: Is there such a thing as something that is really right or really wrong independent of time, place and perspective? What is the relationship between religion and ethics? How can we reconcile self-interest and ethics? Is it ever acceptable to harm one person in order to help others? What do recent discussions in evolutionary biology or have to say about human moral systems? What is the relation between gender and ethics? The authors invite you to participate in their exploration of these and many other questions in philosophical ethics.

If you are adopting or adapting this book for a course, please let us know on our adoption form for the Introduction to Philosophy open textbook series: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdwf2E7bRGvWefjhNZ07kgpgnNFxVxxp-iidPE5gfDBQNGBGg/viewform?usp=sf_link.

This organization contains projects, template programs and utilities, and other learning materials for an autonomous robotics course targeted to computer science undergraduates. It corresponds with a course at James Madision University (CS 354) and the book, Just Enough Robotics, by Nathan Sprague.

This book is intended to be an accessible introduction to key algorithmic concepts in autonomousrobotics targeted toward undergraduate computer science students. It is not intended to be an exhaustive reference or to provide rigorous mathematical foundations, derivations or proofs. The focus is on clear explanations with extensive examples and visualizations.This book uses a Python-based pseudocode that is generally very close to executable Python. The author has attempted to steer clear of any idiomatic Python constructs so that the algorithm listings should be easy to follow even for those without a background in the Python language.This book is a work in progress! It covers several of the central algorithmic ideas in autonomousrobotics, but there are still significant missing pieces. In particular, there is currently no coverage ofparticle filters, mapping algorithms, or simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). The author welcomes contributions.Table of Contents:Chapter 1: Controlling Physical SystemsChapter 2: Coordinate FramesChapter 3: Path PlanningChapter 4: Probabilistic LocalizationBibliographyIndex

The text introduces some of the key concepts in intercultural communication as traditionally presented in (North American) courses and textbooks, namely the study of differences between cultures, as represented in the works and theories of Edward Hall and Geert Hofstede. Common to these approaches is the prominence of context, leading to a view of human interactions as dynamic and changeable, given the complexity of language and culture, as human agents interact with their environments.

This open textbook is designed to serve as an introductory textbook for undergraduate courses in intercultural communication. The chapters incorporate ideas from intercultural communication broadly conceived and draw on approaches from the many different academic disciplines that have contributed to the field. There is an effort throughout to incorporate approaches and views on intercultural communication from a geographically diverse array of scholars, supplementing the author's own North American perspective.

Using source evaluation as the theme, discussed different article types such as government reports, case studies, literature reviews, peer-reviewed scholarly articles, law reviews, self-published articles, and the value of each. Class included a hands-on activity with worksheet.

The following handout discusses the concept of consumer and producer surplus and price regulation.  Particular emphasis is placed on explaining the difference between economic efficiency and fairness.

Motivating Students by Design (2018) explains how instructors can motivate students intentionally through the design of their courses. The two primary purposes of this book are to present a motivation model that can be used to design instruction and to provide practical motivation strategies and examples that can be used to motivate students to engage in learning. Based on decades of research, Dr. Brett Jones presents a framework to organize teaching strategies that motivate students. All of the strategies presented are followed by several examples, which provide readers with about 150 ideas for how the strategies can be implemented in courses. This book will be useful to graduate students and beginning professors, as well as professors who are more experienced and want to refine their instruction or try new strategies.

It is helpful to know who is using this free PDF version of the book. Please take a minute to complete a brief informational survey at https://bit.ly/interest-motivatingstudents

How to access this book This text is available as a whole book in PDF at https://hdl.handle.net/10919/102728. A print-on-demand version is also available via Amazon at https://www.amazon.com/Motivating-Students-Design-Strategies-Professors/dp/1981497013

Neuroscience for Pre-Clinical Students covers neuroenergetics, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and selected amino acid metabolism and degradation. This USMLE-aligned text is designed for a first-year undergraduate medical course and is meant to provide the essential biochemical information from these content areas in a concise format to enable students to engage in an active classroom. Hence, it does not cover neurophysiology and neuroanatomy; and clinical correlates and additional application of content are intended to be provided in the classroom experience. The text assumes that the students will have completed medical school prerequisites (including the MCAT) in which they will have been introduced to the most fundamental concepts of biology and chemistry that are essential to understand the content presented here. With its focus on high-yield concepts, this resource will assist the learner later in medical school and for exam preparation.

The 49-page text was created specifically for use by pre-clinical students at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and was based on faculty experience and peer review to guide development and hone important topics.

Available Formats
ISBN 978-1-949373-80-6 (PDF)
ISBN 978-1-949373-81-3 (ePub) https://doi.org/10.21061/neuroscience
ISBN 978-1-949373-84-4 (print) https://www.amazon.com/Neuroscience-Pre-Clinical-Students-REN%C3%89E-LECLAIR
ISBN 978-1-949373-82-0 (Pressbooks) https://pressbooks.lib.vt.edu/neuroscience
Also available via LibreTexts: https://med.libretexts.org/@go/page/35685

How to Adopt this Book
Instructors reviewing, adopting, or adapting parts or the whole of the text are requested to register their interest at: https://bit.ly/interest-preclinical.

Instructors and subject matter experts interested in and sharing their original course materials relevant to pre-clinical education are requested to join the instructor portal at https://www.oercommons.org/groups/pre-clinical-resources/10133.

Features of this Book
1. Detailed learning objectives are provided at the beginning of each subsection;
2. High resolution, color contrasting figures illustrate concepts, relationships, and processes throughout;
3. Summary tables display detailed information;
4. End of chapter lists provide additional sources of information; and
5. Accessibility features including structured heads and alternative-text provide access for readers accessing the work via a screen-reader.

Table of Contents
1. Neuron and astrocyte metabolism
2. Neurotransmitters — ACh, glutamate, GABA, and glycine
3. Neuropeptides and unconventional neurotransmitters
4. Amino acid metabolism and specialized products

Suggested Citation
LeClair, Renée J., (2022). Neuroscience for Pre-Clinical Students, Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Publishing. https://doi.org/10.21061/neuroscience. Licensed with CC BY NC-SA 4.0.

About the Author
Renée J. LeClair is an Associate Professor in the Department of Basic Science Education at the Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, where her role is to engage activities that support the departmental mission of developing an integrated medical experience using evidence-based delivery grounded in the science of learning. She received a Ph.D. at Rice University and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the Maine Medical Center Research Institute in vascular biology. She became involved in medical education, curricular renovation, and implementation of innovative teaching methods during her first faculty appointment, at the University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine. In 2013, she moved to a new medical school, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Greenville. The opportunities afforded by joining a new program and serving as the Chair of the Curriculum committee provided a blank slate for creative curricular development and close involvement with the accreditation process. During her tenure she developed and directed a team-taught student-centered undergraduate medical course that integrated the scientific and clinical sciences to assess all six-core competencies of medical education.

Accessibility Note
The University Libraries at Virginia Tech and Virginia Tech Publishing are committed to making its publications accessible in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The HTML (Pressbooks) and ePub versions of this book utilize header structures and include alternative text which allow for machine-readability.

Please report any errors at https://bit.ly/feedback-preclinical

The Normal Canine Video Series
This series of four videos are intended for first-year students of veterinary medicine and include four canine exams:
- Head and neck canine exam
- Thoracic canine exam
- Abdominal canine exam
- Urogenital rectal canine exam

Credits
Funding: This video was made possible by a grant from the Open Education Faculty Grant Initiative of the University Libraries at Virginia Tech.
Production: Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine and University Libraries at Virginia Tech
Filmed by: TLOS (Technology-enhanced Learning and Online Strategies) at Virginia Tech.

Disclaimer: The information in this video series is intended for educational purposes only and is not meant to take the place of veterinary care or services your canine may need. Please see your veterinary regarding any health concerns.

Open Music Theory is a natively-online open educational resource intended to serve as the primary text and workbook for undergraduate music theory curricula. OMT2 provides not only the material for a complete traditional core undergraduate music theory sequence (fundamentals, diatonic harmony, chromatic harmony, form, 20th-century techniques), but also several other units for instructors who have diversified their curriculum, such as jazz, popular music, counterpoint, and orchestration. This version also introduces a complete workbook of assignments.

This Open Access Edition of The Politics of Annexation presents a newly formatted version of the original 1982 edition. The text itself has been edited only for non-substantive style changes and corrections. The Preface, the new Introduction (“Fifty Years Later”), and the index were prepared especially for this edition. The original edition was published by Schenkman Publishing Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and is available online through the UR Scholarship Repository at https://scholarship.richmond.edu/bookshelf/307/

The Politics of Annexation examines the process of American cities using annexation of suburban areas as a tool to increase their tax base and generate new revenue. The authors find that the annexation by Richmond, Virginia of part of Chesterfield County in 1970 was in fact racially motivated, and a way to dilute the black vote. They examine the details behind the annexation as well as its aftermath in subsequent litigation, leading to the Supreme Court. They also study annexation cases in Houston and San Antonio, drawing parallels with Richmond regarding their racially-based annexation efforts.

"The Politics of Annexation is one of the first scholarly attempts to explain the uniqueness of civil rights activism in Richmond"--Julian Maxwell Hayter, from his Preface.

Original Études for the Developing Conductor is a collection of supplemental études designed to enhance contemporary conducting pedagogy by amplifying the voices of composers from historically excluded groups. Each étude was commissioned from and composed by a living composer, the majority of whom are woman-identifying composers and/or composers of color. Each étude also addresses multiple specific pedagogical goals common to all conducting classrooms.

Conducting textbooks commonly include musical examples to expose student conductors to various musical challenges and situations. However, due to the relative ease of using only music from the public domain, most examples found in commercially published books are excerpts of larger works composed by deceased cisgender white men of European descent. Often, this music bears little relation to a significant portion of the music contemporary students engage with and perform. These excerpts also tend to be quite short (i.e., less than a minute) and do not create cohesive, self-contained musical arcs.

Are you reviewing or adopting this book for a course?
Instructors adopting or reviewing this text are encouraged to record their use on this form: https://bit.ly/original-etudes-interest This helps the book's sponsors to understand this open textbook's impact.

How to Access the Book
The main landing page for this book is https://doi.org/10.21061/conducting.

This text is available in multiple formats including: 1) high resolution PDF of scores and parts, 2) low resolution PDF of scores and parts, 3) high resolution PDF of scores only, and 4) low resolution PDF of scores only.

A spiral-bound softcover print version (scores only) is available for order at https://www.printme1.com/preview/863a16af1.

MIDI realizations (MP4s) are available via a YouTube playlist https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCa1cyrlzxSrNXiqvStbuiDQ or in the zip file.

Files containing the score and parts for each étude. These enable easy printing and use in apps for accessibility and annotation such as MuseScore.

Programming patterns are solutions to problems that require the creation of a small fragment of code that will be part of a larger program. Hence, this book is about teaching you how to write such fragments of code. However, it is not about teaching you the syntax of the statements in the fragments, it assumes that you already know the syntax. Instead, it is about finding solutions to problems that arise when first learning to program.

Table of Contents
I. Patterns Requiring Knowledge of Types, Variables, and Arithmetic Operators
II. Patterns Requiring Knowledge of Logical and Relational Operators, Conditions, and Methods
III. Patterns Requiring Knowledge of Loops, Arrays, and I/O
IV. Patterns Requiring Advanced Knowledge of Arrays and Arrays of Arrays
V. Patterns Requiring Knowledge of String Objects
VI. Patterns Requiring Knowledge of References

This is a handout that I created for one of the modules in my course. The goal is to put the handouts together to create an OER textbook.https://vivaopen.oercommons.org/editor/documents/7

There are four primary focus areas of this course - 1) Relations and Functions, 2) Polynomial and Rational Functions, 3) Exponential and Logarithmic Functions and 4) Systems of equations.

Precalculus 1 (MTH 161) was produced by the Virginia Community College System (VCCS) as an online Open Educational Resources (OER) course in partnership with three Community Colleges: J. Sargeant Reynolds, Tidewater, and John Tyler.

There are nine focus areas of this course - 1) Relations and Functions, 2) Polynomial and Rational Functions, 3) Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, 4) Systems of equations, 5) Trigonometric Functions, 6) Analytic Trigonometry, 7) Applications of Trigonometry, 8) Conics and 9) Sequences and Series.

Precalculus with Trigonometry (MTH 167) was produced by the Virginia Community College System (VCCS) as an online Open Educational Resources (OER) course in partnership with three Community Colleges: J. Sargeant Reynolds, Tidewater, and John Tyler.

Principles of Microeconomics covers the scope and sequence of most introductory microeconomics courses. The text includes many current examples, which are handled in a politically equitable way. The outcome is a balanced approach to the theory and application of economics concepts.

Pulmonary Pathophysiology for Pre-Clinical Students is an undergraduate medical-level resource for foundational knowledge of pulmonary pathophysiology. This text is designed for a pre-clinical undergraduate medical curriculum and is aligned to USMLE(r) (United States Medical Licensing Examination) content guidelines. The text is meant to provide the essential information in a concise format that would allow learner preparation to engage in an active classroom. Clinical correlates and additional application of content is intended to be provided in the classroom experience. The text assumes that the students will have an understanding of basic pulmonary physiology that will be helpful to understand the content presented here. This resource should be assistive to the learner later in medical school and for exam preparation given the material is presented in a succinct manner, with a focus on high-yield concepts.

The 82-page text was created specifically for use by pre-clinical students at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and was based on faculty experience and peer review to guide development and hone important topics.

Available Formats
ISBN 978-1-957213-08-8 (PDF)
ISBN 978-1-957213-11-8 (ePub) https://doi.org/10.21061/pulmonarypathophysiology
ISBN 978-1-957213-09-5 (print) https://www.amazon.com/Pulmonary-Pathophysiology-Pre-Clinical-Students-Andrew/dp/1957213094
ISBN 978-1-957213-10-1 (Pressbooks)
https://pressbooks.lib.vt.edu/pulmonarypathophysiology
Also available via LibreTexts: https://med.libretexts.org/@go/page/34444

How to Adopt this Book
Instructors reviewing, adopting, or adapting parts or the whole of the text are requested to register their interest at: https://bit.ly/interest-preclinical.

Instructors and subject matter experts interested in and sharing their original course materials relevant to pre-clinical education are requested to join the instructor portal at https://www.oercommons.org/groups/pre-clinical-resources/10133.

Features of this Book
1. Detailed learning objectives are provided at the beginning of each chapter;
2. High resolution, color contrasting figures illustrate concepts, relationships, and processes throughout;
3. Subsection summary tables
4. End of chapter lists provide additional sources of information; and
5. Accessibility features including structured heads and alternative-text provide access for readers accessing the work via a screen-reader.

Table of Contents
1: The Obstructive Lung Diseases
2: Upper Airway Infections
3: Lower Airway Infections
4: The Restrictive Lung Diseases
5: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
6: Lung Cancer
7: Pulmonary Embolism
8: Immunological Diseases of the Lung
9: Pleural Disease

Suggested Citation
Binks, Andrew., (2022). Pulmonary Pathophysiology for Pre-Clinical Students, Roanoke: Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.21061/pulmonarypathophysiology. Licensed with CC BY NC-SA 4.0.

Other Titles in This Series
LeClair, R., (2021) Cell Biology, Genetics, and Biochemistry for Pre-Clinical Students
LeClair, R., (2022) Neuroscience for Pre-Clinical Students
Binks, A., (2022) Cardiovascular Pathophysiology for Pre-Clinical Students
Binks, A., (2022) Pulmonary Physiology for Pre-Clinical Students 

About the Author
Dr. Andrew Binks is a cardiopulmonary physiologist who gained his BSc (Hons) in Physiological Sciences at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, then a MSc in Human and Applied Physiology from King’s College, London. He returned to Newcastle to do his PhD and study the underlying physiological mechanisms of dyspnea, the cardinal symptom of cardiopulmonary disease. He continued investigating dyspnea at Harvard School of Public Health as a postdoctoral fellow and then as a research scientist. After seven years at Harvard, Andrew took his first faculty position at the University of New England where he taught cardiovascular and pulmonary physiology to health profession and medical students. He continued to teach medical students their heart and lung physiology after moving to the University of South Carolina’s Medical School in Greenville where he also directed the school’s heart and lung pathophysiology courses. Andrew currently teaches heart and lung physiology and pathophysiology at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, directs the heart and lung pathophysiology course and has also served as the departmental director of faculty development.

In his two decades of teaching medical physiology, Andrew has regularly drawn upon his dyspnea research experience to generate an active, clinically focused approach to medical education. This book is part of that approach and supports students preparing for class with the basic information with the intention to apply and contextualize that information in a guided case-based classroom experience.

Andrew has published numerous peer-reviewed research papers and book chapters about dyspnea and about contemporary medical education. He has also given keynote presentations, faculty workshops and international webinars to promote effective medical education for the modern adult learner.

Accessibility Note
The University Libraries at Virginia Tech and Virginia Tech Publishing are committed to making its publications accessible in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The HTML (Pressbooks) and ePub versions of this book utilize header structures and include alternative text which allow for machine-readability.

Please report any errors at https://bit.ly/feedback-preclinical
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/105411